Ultra-pure gallium has a beautiful, silvery appearance, and the solid metal exhibits a conchoidal fracture similar to glass. Gallium is silvery white and soft enough to be cut with a knife. It takes on a bluish tinge because of superficial oxidation.
Melting Point...
29.76°C (85.57°F) One of four metals that can be liquid near room temperature. The others are mercury, cesium, and rubidium. Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool, staying liquid below its freezing point. Seeding may be necessary to initiate solidification. Gallium expands by 3.1 percent upon becoming solid. To prevent breakage, best not to store in glass or metal containers.
Gallium is among the few materials that exhibit a higher density in the liquid state. Others include water, silicon, germanium, antimony, bismuth, and plutonium.
Boiling Point...
Boiling Point: 2204 °C (3999°F) Gallium has the longest useful liquid range of any element making it useful in high temperature liquid thermometers.
Other Uses...
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when painted on glass. It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors. Gallium readily alloys with most metals, and has been used as a component in low-melting alloys.
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